BIO 201LLB Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Tumor Suppressor Gene, Programmed Cell Death, Spindle Apparatus
1 Nov 2018
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Document Summary
Apoptosis programmed cell death and cell suicide. Apoptosis is a neat and orderly way to kill cells. 1010 to 1011 cells die each day to apoptosis. Apoptosis and removal of the dead cell by a macrophage. Apoptosis generates caspases which are specific proteases. Examples of the target proteins for these caspases are protein kinases, nuclear lamins, and cytoskeleton proteins. Caspases can be activated to cause apoptosis by either an extrinsic pathway (stimulated by receptors) or an intrinsic pathway. Cancer is a genetic disease, but not an inherited disease. You may however, inherit a genetic predisposition for it. In general, cancer calls have problems with: growth signals, ignore inhibitory growth signals (tumor suppressors, continue to grow in the absence of growth factors (oncogenes, defects in mitotic checkpoint proteins, eliciting an apoptotic response. Usually multiple problems, not just one of these. Oncogenes are positive regulatory factors which have mutated to become overactive. For example, her2 is a growth factor receptor.
