PSY 341 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Utility, Inductive Reasoning, Prospect Theory
8 Dec 2016
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Basic level: tends to share parts/shapes of subordinate members; easier to think of characteristics common to birds/dogs/cats than to animals/mammals or siamese cats/poodles. Hierarchical structure in some categories: categories can be related to each other in structured ways, basic level. Has most characteristics in common with category members. Tends to be the most useful for labeling. X is si(cid:373)ilar to y to e(cid:454)te(cid:374)t that x"s features (cid:373)at(cid:272)h y"s features and. Not (cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:455) of x"s features are (cid:373)is(cid:373)at(cid:272)hes with y"s features. Infinite number of ways in which categories can be similar: how do we know which dimensions are relevant for categorization, we (cid:374)eed to ide(cid:374)tif(cid:455) . Explanation-based theories of categorization: knowledge may sometimes be more important than the features or procedures used to categorize. Ex: lots of people drinking at frat party. Someone jumps into icy pool, fully clothed: categorize as drunk. But, jumping into an icy pool fully clothed is not a feature of our concept of drunk.
