CHEM 131 Lecture 14: Chapter 6-5

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Hybridization: fields of bonding atoms distort valence atomic orbitals resulting in hybrid orbitals, hybrid orbital- new orbitals formed from combination of 2 or more valence electron orbitals. The new orbitals have a hybrid p shape sp2 hybridization explains carbon double bond. Sigma bonds: symmetric electron density everywhere, normal to bond axis, half filled px orbital + half filled px orbital. Pi bond: p orbitals interact above and below, double bonds (sigma + pi, cis- two atoms on the same side, trans- same atoms (or groups) on opposite sides. Molecular orbital theory: all atomic wave functions are summed to obtain molecular wave functions. If wave functions reinforce each other, a bonding mo is formed ( a region of high electron density exists between the nuclei)

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