GVPT 170 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Enumerated Powers, Tenth Amendment To The United States Constitution, Supremacy Clause

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Before adopting federalism america experimented with. : unitary (britain, confederacy (articles of confederation) Unitary is more common: typically central government establishes national policies, raises and distributes funds, lower levels function as apparatus of national government. Same people and territory are included in both levels of government. Each unit has leverage over the others. **local governments are not their own level of government** Dual federalism: simple, spheres of sovereignty= mutually exclusive. Marble cake federalism: levels intersect in certain events. Nationalization has shifted authority over to the federal government. ***dual federalism no longer describes the relationship between state and national government *** Shared/cooperative federalism: complexity of problems mandate joint strategy. Political logic: incentive for federal of cials to increase national government reach. Went from being elected by the state legislature to the general population: 17th amendment, dismissed props of federalism by removing senator"s ties to state legislature. Failed to prevent intervention of national government: supremacy clause, elastic clause.

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