NFSC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Lactose Intolerance, Lactase, Blood Sugar
11 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Functions: main source of energy for cells, spare protein, add bulk to foods, provide fiber. Simple carbohydrates: sugars: molecule with 6 carbon atoms and oxygen and hydrogen. Complex carbohydrates: starches and fiber: sometimes called polysaccharides, long chains of sugar units. Six carbon molecules: glucose the body"s predominant fuel, fructose fruit sugar, galactose one of the two components of the milk sugar lactose. Sucrose a combination of glucose and fructose. Lactose a combination of glucose and galactose. Maltose a combination of glucose and glucose. Glycogen: animal starch configured in long chains of glucose molecules, the body"s storage form of carbohydrates. Fiber: plant material long chains of glucose molecules whose structure is resistant to enzymatic degradation, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. How carbohydrate in food becomes glucose in the body. Fiber, starch, and sugars enter small intestine: pancreatic amylase breaks down starch to disaccharides. Enzymes (di-sacchardases: maltase, sucrase, lactase) on intestine wall break down di- to mono- saccharides.
