BIL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Dna Polymerase, Primase, Dna Mismatch Repair
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DNA Structure and Function LabReport
- DNA Structure
- Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?
- Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.
- Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?
- List the three components of a nucleotide.
- DNA Replication
- What is the purpose of DNA replication?
- How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?
- In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.
Original | New |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- RNA Structure
- Describe the structure and function of RNA.
- Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.
DNA | RNA |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.
DNA | RNA | |
Sugars | ||
Bases | ||
Strands |
- RNA Synthesis
- The process of assembling RNA is called _________.
- How is replication different from transcription?
- Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3â end of the DNA strand and the 5â end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.
DNA | 3â | C | G | T | C | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | T | 5â |
mRNA | 5â | 3â |
- Protein Synthesis
- What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?
- If a mRNA strand has the bases 5â CUC 3â, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.
- Where in the cell does translation occur?
- Genes
- What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?
- Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.
- What causes sickle cell anemia?
- Gene Cloning
- What is the function of a plasmid?
- Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.
Question 401 pts
Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.
True |
False |
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Question 411 pts
When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.
ionic |
kinetic |
covalent |
hydrogen |
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Question 421 pts
Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.
neutrons |
protons |
electrons |
electron shells |
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Question 431 pts
Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.
oil |
heat |
enzymes |
blood |
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Question 441 pts
Organic molecules have a core composed of .
carbon |
nitrogen |
phosphorus |
hydrogen |
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Question 451 pts
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
polypeptides |
amino acids |
nucleotides |
monosaccharides |
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Question 461 pts
Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .
active transport |
cell fate |
facilitated diffusion |
osmosis |
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Question 471 pts
Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.
phospholipids |
transmembrane channel proteins |
cell surface proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
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Question 481 pts
The simplest cells are .
prokaryotic |
animal cells |
eukaryotic |
cells of fungi |
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Question 491 pts
Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:
nucleus |
organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells |
mitochondria |
chloroplasts |
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Question 501 pts
Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.
vacuoles |
ribosomes |
golgi complex |
nucleus |
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Question 511 pts
Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.
ribosomes |
golgi bodies (golgi apparatus) |
nucleus |
mitochondria |
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Question 521 pts
Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?
Oxygen is consumed. |
A water molecule is removed from the molecules. |
A water molecule is added to the molecules |
Carbon dioxide is given off. |
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Question 531 pts
Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.
monomers |
monosaccharides |
polymers |
amino acids |
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Question 541 pts
Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?
NH2 |
R Group or functional group |
COOH |
H |
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Question 551 pts
The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.
Tertiary |
Quaternary |
Secondary |
Primary |
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Question 561 pts
How do DNA and RNA differ?
all statements are differences between DNA and RNA. |
DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. |
They have different sugars. |
Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA. |
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Question 571 pts
Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?
phosphate |
a nitrogen containing base |
All are components of a nucleotide. |
5-carbon sugar |
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Question 581 pts
Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.
transmembrane proteins |
carbohydrate chains |
phospholipids |
cell surface proteins |
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Question 591 pts
Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.
chloroplasts and mitochondria |
golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes and nucleolus |
peroxisomes and lysosomes |
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Question 601 pts
The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
nucleolus |
mitochondria |