CHM 111 Lecture 11: Equilibrium

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Reaction Dynamics
Asreactionoccurs
Reactantconcentration decrease product concentrationsincrease
Asproduct concentration increases Reverse reaction rateincreases
Reversible reactions proceed in both forward reverse directions
when bothreactions rak are equal dynamic equilibrium
at equilibrium concentrationsof all chemicals remain constant
chemicals arebeing consumed produced atsamerate
Atequilibrium
Ratesof forward areverse rxns are equal
Not the concentration of reactants andproducts
products
IDp ex 2N205cg I4N
02cg 02cg
M3reactants
equilibrium constant KNOz 4
Nzos 2
KiCPL KD 1forward more product
thanreactant
RK41 Reverse morereactantthan
product
KHD
Brd_ 112 0.30
LH
Br LO205
Whenthe run is written backwards theequilibriumconstantis inverted
Kreverse 1
Kforward
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AA tBB Icc if rxn multiplied
by Zi 2aAt2bB Iza C
Konginal Cknew it
aA22 B2b
next
Multiplying K's leads10
newkwhenaddingequations
ABl
pcftp.ak.EE
ACknew Ki xK2
knew 4ff x4831
invert
x2G O261
721
101
at
gTH
kg cotg the0cg ka
gtzHzLg ICH
3014g 123 123
C
02cg t3Hz IHzOIg kit xKs
1.4 102
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Eproduct
ABdg IAt zBg stg
I
0AgtXBcg EAbscg
ABzt Bg Abegg 59 478 8.1
Equilibrium Constants forRuins Involving Gases
Keg canbeexpressed as ratio of partial
pressuresofthe
gases
kc qga zor kp3 RpIa
partialpressures always in atm
Kp Kc XRT on diff in note ofreactants
rproducts
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CHM 111 Full Course Notes
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CHM 111 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Reversible reactions when bothreactions rak are equal product concentrationsincrease. Reverse reaction rateincreases proceed in both forward reverse directions dynamic equilibrium at equilibrium concentrationsof all chemicals remain constant chemicals arebeing consumed produced at samerate. C a if rxn multipliedby zi 2aat2bb i za c knew. C knew ki x k2 knew 4 ff x 4831 invert x2g. 21101 at cotg the0cg g thkg g tzhzlg i ch3014g. Keg canbeexpressed as ratio of partialpressuresofthegases kc q ga z partialpressures always in atm kp3. O 22m o fch30h to 11m ch3 k ftp 9. 4d. Compare thecurrent concentration ratios to equilibrium constant to determine reaction direction kelp igirt. K k q equilibrium forward right reverse left. Decreasengvolume equilibrium shiftstoside 4 fewer particles forward reverse. Effectof temp change on equilibrium endothermic exothermic heat heat. Adding heatto an exothermic rim will decreasethevalueof k equilibrium will shift awayfromthe added heat. Addingheatto an endothermic run will increase the valueofk heat takeawayfromreactants rt a dilowertemp.

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