PHI 110 Lecture Notes - Deductive Reasoning, Crystal Ball
4 Sep 2013
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8/29/13: find conclusion, locate explicit premises, locate any implicit premises. Explicit premise: marijuana is less dangerous than alcohol. Implicit premise (not given, have to come up with): everything less dangerous than alcohol should be legal. Argument types: deductive arguments, valid or invalid, sound or not sound. A valid argument means that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. It means the argument is in the correct form. (although the conclusion may be true, the premises might not be true) Example: premise: i gazed into my crystal ball and determined that there are. Conclusion: there are 27 students in this class. Although the conclusion is true, the premise is not true. A sound argument is a valid argument with true premises. Premise: if it is sunny in miami, i will not have an umbrella. To say that a statement is valid does not make sense logically. That is like saying the statement has premises and a conclusion.
