ACCT 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Internal Control, Accounting Scandals, Child Custody
43 views3 pages
14 Sep 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Fraud: a dishonest act by an employee that results in personal benefit to the employee at a cost to the employer. Three factors contribute to fraudulent activity: opportunity, financial pressure, and rationalization. It was initiated to combat numerous accounting scandals. Required to maintain a system of interval control. Corporate executives and boards of directors must ensure that these controls are reliable and effective. Independent outside auditors must attest to the adequacy of the internal control system. Example: enron had been reporting expenses as revenues to boost themselves. Methods and measures adopted to: safeguard assets, enhance the reliability of accounting records, increase efficiency of operations, ensure compliance with laws and regulations. Six principles of internal control activities: establishment of responsibility. Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for a given task. Limit access only to authorized personnel: segregation of duties. Different individuals should be responsible for related activities.
Get access
Grade+20% off
$8 USD/m$10 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
40 Verified Answers
Class+
$8 USD/m
Billed $96 USD annually
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
30 Verified Answers
Related Documents
Related Questions
Required: After reading the Bye, Bye SOX? Article comment on the issue of small business compliance with Section 404 of SOX
Bye, Bye, SOX? | |
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) | SOX compliance has been extended |
may be declawed by upcoming | four times, but they won’t need to |
U.S. Congress and | comply at all if the Garrett-Adler |
Supreme Court decisions. | amendment makes it to the Senate |
The House of Representatives | floor as a standalone bill. |
recently voted to approve the | SOX also established the |
Garrett-Adler amendment, which | PCAOB to oversee and regulate |
would exempt small companies | audit firms. PCAOB operates under |
from SOX Section 404 provisions, | the supervision of the Securities |
while the Supreme Court is considering | and Exchange Commission (SEC), |
the constitutionality of the | which also appoints PCAOB members. |
Public Company Accounting Oversight | It is funded by fees charged to |
Board (PCAOB). | audited firms. When it was established, |
These developments may have | Congress wanted the board |
long-term implications for SOX, the | to be separate, with its own funding |
2002 legislation passed in the wake | stream, and outside normal civil |
of the Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco | service laws so it could attract |
scandals. The outcomes may also | highly qualified specialists. PCAOB |
have implications for records managers, | members’ salaries are more than |
information technology specialists, | $500,000 and are reviewed by the |
and compliance officers | SEC. |
who devise and implement company | Pro-business advocates, represented |
controls. | by the Free Enterprise |
Section 404 of SOX requires | Fund, argue that the PCAOB’s governance |
company auditors to attest to the | structure is unconstitutional |
soundness of the firm’s internal | because it is an independent |
controls and financial statements. | agency that does not allow for the |
Internal controls may include anything | president to appoint members. Additionally, |
from transaction approval authorizations | because only the president |
to records retention | can remove SEC commissioners |
programs. This provision is widely | for cause, and because |
blamed for an increase in auditors’ | the SEC can only remove PCAOB |
fees, as well as increased expenditures | members for cause, some court |
to ensure that proper internal | members believe this is a formerly |
controls are in place. | unrecognized limit of the president’s |
Small firms – those with | powers that may contradict |
less than $75 million in | the constitution. |
market capitalization | The Supreme Court will take up |
– have protested that | the issue soon, and some legal experts |
compliance with SOX 404 would | believe that SOX could be |
cost them a disproportionate share | abolished completely if the court |
of their earnings. The complaint is | rules the PCAOB unconstitutional. |
supported by an independent study | |
conducted at Pennsylvania State | |
University, which showed that | |
firms just over the $75 million | |
mark paid nearly $700,000 more in | |
audit fees and had average earnings | |
of negative $1.4 million in 2004 |