CHEM 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Octet Rule, Valence Electron, Photoemission Spectroscopy

• School: University of Arizona
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 151
• Professor: kumirov

Document Summary

The formation of covalent bonds is induced by electrostatic attraction between electrons and protons in the different atoms. Bond length: the equilibrium distance at which attractive forces between electrons and protons are balanced by proton-proton and electron-electron repulsive forces. Bond strength: the energy needed to separate atoms from their bond length to an infinite distance. Electron delocalization: the formation of the covalent bond allows some electrons to occupy a larger region of space, which decreases their average kinetic energy. Electrons closer to atomic nuclei lower potential energy. Covalent bonding is driven by the delocalization of electronic motion between the two bonded atoms. Stable covalent bonds are formed when at least two electrons are delocalized between the two bonded atoms. More energy is normally needed to induce equivalent vibrational transitions involving stronger bonds (also depends on mass of atoms) The absorption of ir radiation at specific frequencies can be used to detect the presence of specific bonds.