PHIL 160D3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Quantum Mechanics, Copernican Revolution, Problem Solving

• School: University of Arizona
• Department: Philosophy Main
• Course: PHIL 160D3
• Professor: Marc Johansen

Document Summary

Distinct phases of scientific development: normal science, revolutionary science. P(cid:396)o(cid:272)ess leadi(cid:374)g to the theo(cid:396)(cid:455) does(cid:374)"t (cid:373)atte(cid:396). Scientists build on previous work to accumulate more knowledge. All sciences share a common method that assures progress. Co(cid:374)te(cid:454)t of dis(cid:272)o(cid:448)e(cid:396)(cid:455) does (cid:374)ot e(cid:395)uate to (cid:272)o(cid:374)te(cid:454)t of justifi(cid:272)atio(cid:374). A theo(cid:396)(cid:455)"s o(cid:396)igi(cid:374) is irrelevant to its justification/support. A pa(cid:272)kage of ideas a(cid:374)d (cid:373)ethods that (cid:373)ake up : a world view, a way of doing science. Initiated by an exemplar/achievement that models the paradigm. Is the standard against which puzzle-solutions are measured i. e. me(cid:374)del"s e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:449)ith peas = pa(cid:396)adig(cid:373) fo(cid:396) ge(cid:374)eti(cid:272)s. Paradigm shift: a change from one (broad) paradigm to another. Provides an exemplar for work in the (broad) paradigm. Suggests new puzzles and approaches to solving them. Theories are always open to disconfirmation. i. e. ptolemaic astronomy, newtonian physics. Fundamentals are no exception; they should be challenged. Kuhn on normal science: fundamentals are not open to refutation and they should not be.