PHIL 346 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Factor X, False Premise

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S knows p if and only if (i) p is true, and (ii) s believes p. Belief and truth are not sufficient for knowledge. Edmund gettier"s is justified true belief knowledge? gettier presents a series of examples in which someone has a justified true belief, but apparently does not know. These gettier cases are commonly taken to refute the claim that (i), (ii), and (iii) are sufficient for s to know p. Gettier"s paper immediately created an industry tasked with finding a fourth component of knowledge that, when added to truth, belief, and justification, would result in a sufficient condition. A number of gettier-style cases involve reasoning from a false premise. Knowledge, according to williamson, cannot be analyzed as justified true belief 1 some extra factor x; instead, knowledge should be taken as explanatorily fundamental in its own right.

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