PSY 150A1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Fluoxetine, Fugue State, Sex Reassignment Surgery
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9 Oct 2014
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Psych 150: Structure of Mind and Behavior - Lecture 4: Disorders
Tuesday 9/16/14
● Bipolar Disorder
○ Manic episodes & extreme depression mixed with normal affect
○ Mania involves delusional levels of optimism, euphoria, and energy
○ Equally common in both sexes
○ Sufferers make poor decisions while manic, withdraw when depressed
● Causes of Mood disorders: Biological
○ Genetics!!
○ Imbalances in the brain’s neurotransmitter systems
■ Depression —— drugs (prozac, etc)
■ Mania
○ Disruption of Biological Rhythms
■ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
● Cause of Mood Disorders: Psychological and Social
○ How one thinks about stressors can affect likelihood of mood disorders
■ Learned helplessness
■ Beck’s cognitive theory of depression
● Suicide
○ Women have more suicide attempts, men have more deaths
● Dissociative Disorders
○ Dissociative Fugue: Person suddenly moves away and assumes a new identity
with no memory of previous personality
○ Dissociative Amnesia: loss of (usually personal) memory due to psychological
causes
○ Dissociative Identity Disorder (multiple personality disorder): Two or more distinct
identities or personality states
● Schizophrenia (and other psychotic disorders)
○ Causes:
■ Brain abnormalities (low frontal lobe activity, undersize hippocampus
amygdala, or thalamus, larger than normal ventricles)
■ Excessive Dopamine activity
■ Stress
○ Positive symptoms: symptoms found in schizophrenics
■ Hallucinations (mostly auditory)
■ Delusions (delusions of grandeur and persecution are most common)
■ Speech disturbances (including word salad)
■ Disorganized behavior (including silliness, weird motor behaviors)
■ Inappropriate Affect (emotional responses that are inappropriate for the
circumstances, such as crying at comedy shows)
○ Negative symptoms: normal behaviors that are absent in schizophrenia
■ Social withdrawal, limited speech and action, poor hygiene, apathy