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PSY 150A1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sampling Bias

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School
University of Arizona
Department
Psychology Main
Course
PSY 150A1
Professor
Feldman
Psych150:StructureofMindandBehaviorLecture9:Science,TheoryandMethodsof
ObservationDay2
Thursday10/9/14
● AcquiringASample
○ Representativeness
■ Representativevs.biasedsample
○ Sampletechniques—ProbabilitySampling
■ Randomsample
■ Systematicsample
■ Stratifiedsample
○ Nonprobabilitysampling
■ Conveniencesample
● SourcesofBiasinSurveyResearch
○ TheInterviewer
■ Interviewerbias—mayonlylistenforoneanswer/notaskallquestions
○ TheParticipant
■ Carelessness
■ Memoryproblems(under/overreporting)
■ Directmisrepresentation(lie)
■ Socialdesirability
○ TheSample
● GoalsoftheScientificMethod
○ Description
■ MethodsofObservation
○ Prediction
■ CorrelationCoefficient—doesnotimplycausation
■ DirectionandStrength
■ Advantages
■ Onlypractical/ethicalapproachtouse
■ Usedasfirststepforlaterexperiment
○ Explanation(causation)
■ Experimentation
○ CharacteristicsofExperiments
■ IndependentVariable(IV)
■ Manipulatedbyresearcher
■ (i.e.Steroidsleadtoviolentaction,IV=Steroids)
■ DependentVariable(DV)
■ Measuredbyresearcher
■ (i.e.DV=violentbehavior)
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