BIOL 2013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, Patellar Ligament
Document Summary
Introduction: bones are designed for support and mobility, movements are restricted to joints. Joints (articulations) exist wherever two or more bones meet: bones may be in direct contact or separated by, fibrous tissue, cartilage, or fluid. Joints are classified based on: function, structure. Joints can be classified based on their range of motion (function: synarthrosis immovable, amphiarthrosis slightly movable diarthrosis freely movable. Articular form and function: types of movement, linear movements, angular movements, circumduction, rotation, special movements, linear movements, two bones gliding past each other, carpal/carpal, tarsal/tarsal, clavicle/sternum, angular movements, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension. Articular form and function: rotational movements, pronation/supination, circumduction movements, moving the joint in a circular manner. Inversion/eversion: dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, lateral flexion, protraction/retraction, opposition, depression/elevation. Temporomandibular joint: known as the tmj, consists of the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. Intervertebral articulations: the intervertebral discs, pads of cartilage between the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae.
