PHIL 2103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Deontological Ethics, Golden Rule, Universalizability

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The Kantian Perspective: deontological or duty-ased ethis
I. The popular tests for morality:
a. What if everyone did that?
i. Trying to point out what they are doing is not fair to other people
ii. Improperly excusing yourself from the rules
iii. Counter argument: gay sex is bad because if everyone did that then the human
race would die out. Remaining celibate is also bad because the human race
would die
b. How would you like it if I did that to you?
i. Golden rule: do unto others as they would do unto you
ii. Counter argument: I want a horse so I get my mom a horse for Christmas.
1. Not everyone wants the same things
II. Kat’s approah to identifying an ultimate moral principle composed to the importance of
fairness and consistency
a. The principle of universalizability (categorical imperative)
i. An act is morally acceptable if, and only if its maxim is universalizable
ii. A maxim has 2 parts:
1. Description of what you are about to do
2. Explanation of why you are doing it
iii. 3 part test to determine whether a maxim is universaliable
1. Formulate your maxim clearlystate what you intend to do and why
2. Imagine a world in which everyone supports and acts on your maxim
3. Then ask: can the goal of my action be achieved in such a world?
a. If the answer is no, then it is immoral
iv. Inconsistencies
1. If a wallet is found and you were to keep the money, would it be moral?
a. Using this 3 part test, yes it is
2. “eario with a a’s law ad the ail arrier
b. Justice and autonomy
i.
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