BIOL 1081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Nitrogenous Base, Purine, Ribose
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What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases?
A. | polymerization of DNA. | |
B. | formation of the histone core. | |
C. | mitotic division. | |
D. | separation of the two strands. | |
E. | joining of the two strands. |
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the
A. | ribosome. | |
B. | mitochondria. | |
C. | cell membrane. | |
D. | cytoplasm. | |
E. | nucleus. |
Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes?
A. | 46 | |
B. | 22 | |
C. | 23 | |
D. | 44 | |
E. | 42 |
Hershey and Chase performed an experiment in which they used radioactive isotopes to phosphorus and sulfur to label different components of bacterial viruses. Their results clearly showed that
A. | the viruses did not contain protein. | |
B. | genetic material normally contains radioactive isotopes. | |
C. | the viruses did not contain DNA. | |
D. | protein was entering into the infected bacteria. | |
E. | DNA was entering into the infected bacteria. |
A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called
A. | nucleosomes. | |
B. | lysosomes. | |
C. | ribosomes. | |
D. | nucleoli. | |
E. | chromatin. |
DNA replication
A. | does not require proteins. | |
B. | is constantly happening in a cell. | |
C. | occurs in G1 of interphase. | |
D. | takes place in the nucleus of the cell. | |
E. | occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. |
The two subunits of the ribosome join during
A. | promotion of transcription. | |
B. | initiation of translation. | |
C. | termination of transcription. | |
D. | termination of translation. | |
E. | elongation. |
DNA replication of a single DNA molecule is referred to as semiconservative because
A. | each of the two DNA molecules will consist of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. | |
B. | all the DNA strands in the two DNA molecules will have both parental and newly synthesized DNA. | |
C. | it results in two nonidentical DNA molecules. | |
D. | of the two DNA molecules, one is made up totally of parental DNA, while the other is entirely newly synthesized DNA. | |
E. | one DNA strand is replicated continuously, while the other must be replicated discontinuously. |
The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule?
A. | the 4â carbon atom of the sugar molecule. | |
B. | the 3â carbon atom of the sugar molecule. | |
C. | the 5â carbon atom of the sugar molecule. | |
D. | the 1â carbon atom of the sugar molecule. | |
E. | the 2â carbon atom of the sugar molecule. |
Chapter 10
1.Outline the history of our knowledge on DNA up to Watson and Crick. What were the main contributions made by each researcherâs key experiment?
2.Explain the setup of the Hershey and Chase experiment, what would the results have been if protein was the genetic material?
3.Draw the structure of a DNA nucleotide, labeling each main component correctly. How does an RNA nucleotide differ?
4.If a section of double stranded DNA contains 19% Adenine, how much Thymine is present?
5.You are a researcher studying the genetic basis of heart attacks and have been working to determine the expression levels of different genes that might contribute to cancer formation. You obtain the DNA methylation status of five genes of interest (the data are shown in the table below). The plus (+) sign indicates the level of DNA methylation; more plus signs correlates with increased methylation levels.Based on this information which genes would you predict to have the highest rate of transcription?
Gene | Methylation levels |
1 | ++ |
2 | +++++ |
3 | +++ |
4 | ++ |
5 | + |
What are the characteristics of the 3 main DNA forms?
Chapter 11
What are the different types of chromatin?
What are the structures and important roles for telomeres and centromeres?
What are the differences found between eukaryotic chromosomes and mitochondrial?
Chapter 12
Explain each of the different models of replication.
If you grow a culture of bacteria in media with radioactive nucleotides so that all DNA in the cells include radioactive nucleotides and then place the bacteria in new non radioactive media. After two rounds of replication what proportion of the DNA molecules will contain radioactivity?
Summarize the similarities and differences between rolling-circle replication, theta replication and linear eukaryotic replication.
What are the functions of the different DNA polymerases found in eukaryotic cells?
Draw a replication fork and include all key components and orientations. (Leading/lagging strands, DNA helicase, RNA primer and DNA gyrase)
What is the Holliday model of recombination and what are the necessary steps?
Chapter 13
What are the different types of RNA and what roles do they play?
Describe the properties and functions of each of the RNA polymerases and how they differ depending on the organism.
Describe in detail the process and mechanisms of transcription in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Chapter 14
What are the primary purposes of each of the three post transcriptional modifications that occur in eukaryotic cells.
What is alternative splicing and what role does it play in the cell?
How is ribosomal RNA processed after transcription?
How do siRNA and miRNA work, describe/draw out the process in detail.