BIOL 1081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Nitrogenous Base, Monomer, Isoleucine
Learning Outcomes 2
Nucleic Acids & Proteins Reading: Sections 3.3- 3.4 in textbook
1. Name the two types of nucleic acids and describe how they differ in structure, monomer
composition, and function. Describe how they store genetic information.
• DNA
o Structure- double helix
o Monomer Composition- deoxyribose (5CS), phosphate, nitrogenous base
o Function- storage of genetic information
o Stores genetic info-A, T, C, G
• RNA
o Structure- single stranded
o Monomer Composition- ribose (5CS), phosphate, nitrogenous base
o Function- protein synthesis
o Stores genetic info- U
2. List the different monomers that make up nucleic acids, the three components that they
all contain, and the two different groups each base is placed into. Draw a cartoon version
(i.e. no need to draw every atom, just the important distinguishing and functional
features) of each nucleotide.
• See paper
• Monomers- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil
• 3 Components-nucleotides, 5 carbon sugar, and phosphate
• 2 Groups- Purines- adenine, guanine Pyrimidines- cytosine, and thymine
3. Draw pictures of both RNA and DNA molecules, labeling and identifying the monomers,
the three components of each monomer, the chemical bonds that connect the monomers
within a single strand and the bases between different strands
• See paper
• Monomers are nucleotides
o Nucleotide structure- nitrogenous base (A,T,C,G), phosphate, and DR
Sugar
4. Identify and draw the basic structure that all amino acids share.
• See paper
5. List the different groups of amino acids and be able to place an amino acid into the
appropriate group based on its structure.
• Essential-cannot be made by the body
o Histidine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, leucine,
valine, tryptophan
• Nonessential-can be made by human body, so not essential to our diet
o Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acids, glutamine,
glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine
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