BIOL 1081 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Golgi Apparatus, Endomembrane System, Chlorophyll
Ch. 4 Learning Outcomes 2
Thursday, September 7th
Endomembrane system, Mitochondria, & Chloroplasts Reading: Sections 4.4-4.5 in textbook
1. List the different components of the eukaryotic endomembrane system and describe the composition,
shape, and location of each.
• Nuclear Envelope
• Plasma membrane
• Transport vesicles
• ER-modification of foreign substances
o Rough
▪ Protein synthesis
▪ Pebbly, primarily flatten sacs, with bumpy ribosomes
o Smooth
▪ Enzymes
▪ Steroid hormones synthesized, membrane lipid assembly, store Ca+
• Golgi Apparatus
o Sorts and packages proteins
o Flattened stacks of membranes
o 1-20 variation
o Collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized at one location and used
at another within the cell or even outside of it
o Cis face- front
o Trans face- exit
• Lysosomes
o Digestive enzymes
o High levels of degrading enzymes, which catalyze the rapid breakdown of proteins, NA,
lipids, and carbs
o Breakdown old organelles and recycle their component molecules
o Eliminate other cells by phagocytosis
• Vacuoles
o Storage and water balance
o Plants
o Water channel tonoplasts
2. Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria, listing the types of cells which
contain them.
• Chloroplasts-contains chlorophyll and photosynthesis
o Surrounded by two membranes (outer and inner); grana- closed compartments of stacked
membranes that contain thylakoids (contain photosystems involved in the light dependent
reactions of photosynthesis)
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