BIOL 1082 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Phylogenetic Tree, Symmetry In Biology, Animal
Ch. 33, 34, 35 LO
What are animals and how are they related to other forms of life? Textbook Reading: Chapters
33, 34, & 35
As with the plat aterial, this is a lot of readig so do’t get bogged dow with learig the aes of
all the animal groups and all their features, instead, focus on finding the information to complete the
LOs.
1. List the shared derived traits and shared ancestral traits of animals. (You may have to look on the
internet for this as your book does’t clearly list them)
• Shared Ancestral
o Eukaryotes
o Heterotrophic
o Locomotion
o Multicellular
o Internal Digestion
o True tissues
o Nervous and muscular systems
• Shared Derived
o Synapomorphies
o Specific cell-cell junctions
o ECM (collagen, proteoglycan)
o Blastula
o Hox genes
o Electrically excitable cells
2. Describe the body plan features of animals, including presence of tissues, body symmetry, early
embryonic development, presence and type of body cavity, and segmentation, stating the potential
advantages of each.
• Tissues
• Symmetry- correspondence in size, form, and arrangement of parts on opposite sides of a
plane, line, or point; regularity of form or arrangement in terms of like, reciprocal, or
corresponding parts
• Body cavity- segmentation
• Body plan- particular set of morphological and developmental traits integrated in a functional
whole
3. Draw a phylogenetic tree of the Metazoa, including the Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida,
Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata, rooted with the Choanoflagellates as
an outgroup. Label the groups according to Protostomes vs Deuterostome and Lophotrochozoa vs
Ecdysozoa.
• Protostomes
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