BIOL 1082 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Phrenic Nerve, Intercostal Muscle, Liquid Oxygen
Ch. 48 LO-2
Circulation and Respiration I Textbook Reading: Sections: 48.3-48.5
1. Describe how the nervous system regulates breathing.
• Breathing is controlled by 2 things. Oxygen content of blood and CO2 concentration of
blood. More specifically it is the content of O2 and CO2 bathing certain nuclei in the
hypothalamus and brain stem that are sensitive to O2 and CO2. As O2 decreases and
CO2 increases, breathing rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation increase. The
stimulus is transmitted via the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm.
• The respiratory centers that control your rate of breathing are in the brainstem or
medulla. The nerve cells that live within these centers automatically send signals to the
diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax at regular intervals.
2. Draw the overall structure of hemoglobin, describing how it carries O2 and how its
affinity for O2 changes depending on environmental conditions.
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3. Compare and contrast the structure and function of myoglobin to that of hemoglobin.
• Myoglobin
o Secondary carrier
o Stores oxygen in the muscles
o Single polypeptide chain
o Low concentration
o Rapid binding process
o Can only bind 1 oxygen
• Hemoglobin
o Primary carrier
o Transports oxygen in the blood
o Multiple polypeptide chains
o High concentration in RBC
o Slow binding process
o Can bind 4 oxygen
o Can both bind and offload oxygen and carbon dioxide
4. Draw a labeled figure that explains how CO2 is transported from body tissues by the
blood
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Document Summary
Circulation and respiration i textbook reading: sections: 48. 3-48. 5. 48 lo-2: breathing is controlled by 2 things. Oxygen content of blood and co2 concentration of blood. More specifically it is the content of o2 and co2 bathing certain nuclei in the hypothalamus and brain stem that are sensitive to o2 and co2. Co2 increases, breathing rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation increase. The stimulus is transmitted via the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm: the respiratory centers that control your rate of breathing are in the brainstem or medulla. The nerve cells that live within these centers automatically send signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract and relax at regular intervals. Draw the overall structure of hemoglobin, describing how it carries o2 and how its affinity for o2 changes depending on environmental conditions. Draw a labeled figure that explains how co2 is transported from body tissues by the blood. Circulation and respiration ii textbook reading: sections 49. 2-49. 3.
