CHEM 4041 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Acetyl-Coa, Ester, Isomerization
Document Summary
Atp -> adp: motion, active transport, biosyntheses, signal ampli cation. Adp -> atp: oxidation of fuel molecules, photosynthesis. Free energy of oxidation of single-carbon compounds: most energy is ch2 and least energy is co2 (do not need to memorize) Will need to know how to calculate delta g of free energy. Prominent fuels, fats more ef cient than sugars! Figure 15. 11: very, very important slide : formation of proton gradients by the action of speci c proton pumps, in photosynthesis, ows in opposite directions. Ligation: forms bonds by using free energy from atp cleavage. Isomerization: rearrange atoms in a particular molecule. Group-transfer: typical reaction is a phosphoryl group transferred to a glucose. Hydrolytic: cleaves bonds by the addition of water, in nucleic acids, attack di-ester bonds. Liase: two substrates yielding one product and vice versa, hard to identify - if can"t identify as one of above, must be a ligase, forms double bonds when making one product.
