GEOL 306 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Lithosphere, Harry Fielding Reid, Geophysics
16 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Earthquakes move plates, make mountains, and are big hazards. Damages from earthquake can occur thousands of km from source of tsunamis. Rupture itself is usually about few seconds to few tens of seconds. For largest earthquakes, fault can rupture up to 6 min (japan 2011) Earthquake felt on surface during few tons of seconds. Lithosphere is brittle, while most of earth is hold and riscous and does not have earthquakes. Most earthquakes occur in top 20 km. By 1900, it was understood that earthquakes were related to a rupture of the earth. Huge progress made after 1906 san francisco earthquake. April 18,2016: 7. 8 on richter scale, 3,000 people died, Before richter scale, mercalli intensity scale was used (19th century) Empirical scale based on effects of earthquakes. Harry fielding reid, american geophysicist, was sent to west coast to study the process. Made a map of ground rupture and the damage, surveyed.
