PSY 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Rorschach Test, Big Five Personality Traits, Sigmund Freud
2 Jul 2018
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Week 7 Class 2
Psychodynamic Theories Emphasize Unconscious and Dynamic Processes
● Sigmund Freud developed one of the most influential theories of personality development by
observing patients he treated
● His underlying assumption was that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives,
influence behavior
● There are three major components of Freud’s theory:
○ topographical model
■ conscious, unconscious, preconscious
○ development of sexual instinct
■ oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital psychosexual stages
○ structural model
■ ID, ego, superego
■ defense mechanisms were described as strategies used by the ego to cope
with the anxiety caused by conflicts between the id and the superego
Type and Trait Approaches Describe Behavioral Dispositions
● Typologies:
○ Discrete categories in which we place people
● Traits:
○ Behavioral dispositions that endure over time and across situations
● Implicit personality theory:
○ personality characteristics go together
■ allowing for predictions about people on the basis of minimal evidence
● Estimates of the number of traits have ranged from almost 18,000 to 16 Cattle identified
through factor analysis to the Big Five.
● Eysenck’s hierarchical model:
○ The specific response level
■ observed behaviors
○ The habitual response level
■ behaviors observed on several occasions
○ traits
● Eysenck proposed three superordinate traits:
○ introversion-extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism (or constraint)
● The Big Five or Five Factor Model:
○ five basic personality traits:
■ openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness,
and neuroticism
○ significant evidence supports the five factor model
■ including some predictive studies and cross-cultural studies
Personality Refers to Both Unique and Common Characteristics
● Allport divided the study of personality into two types of approaches:
○ idiographic
■ Person centered
○ nomothetic
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Document Summary
Sigmund freud developed one of the most influential theories of personality development by observing patients he treated. His underlying assumption was that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives, influence behavior. There are three major components of freud"s theory: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital psychosexual stages. Defense mechanisms were described as strategies used by the ego to cope with the anxiety caused by conflicts between the id and the superego. Discrete categories in which we place people. Behavioral dispositions that endure over time and across situations. Allowing for predictions about people on the basis of minimal evidence. Estimates of the number of traits have ranged from almost 18,000 to 16 cattle identified through factor analysis to the big five. Introversion-extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism (or constraint) The big five or five factor model: Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Significant evidence supports the five factor model. Including some predictive studies and cross-cultural studies.
