PH 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Subcutaneous Tissue, Calorie, Adipose Tissue
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29 Apr 2018
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Lecture 22: Obesity
-excess fat is stored in lipocytes
-women tend to underreport their weight more than men do (they say they weigh less than they
actually do)
-some underdeveloped countries have problems with both obesity and malnutrition
-wasting means not getting enough calories to support growth and losing fat stores as a result
-stunting in growth has decreased over the years
-prevalence of overweight children has increased
-obesity is an excess of body adiposity
-subcutaneous fat is stored under the skin (and is not necessarily as harmful)
-ectopic fat is stored in the organs where there is supposed to be little fat...is more likely to cause
disease
-BMI= weight in kg/(height in m)^2, or [weight in lb/(height in inches)^2] x 703
-one calorie is equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water
by one degree Celsius at one atmospheric pressure
-1000 calories=1 C=1 kilocalorie
-thermogenic effect of food….stimulation of metabolism that occurs for 3-6 hours after digestion
of a meal (your body uses some of these calories in the process of digesting food)
-resting metabolic right: the minimal energy expenditure of an awake individual
-energy requirements= RMR (resting metabolic rate) + TEF (thermogenic effect of food) + PA
(physical activity)+ thermogenesis (regulating body temperature)
-over time, our energy intake has increased while our energy expenditure has decreased
-contributing factors: extra energy intake, composition of diet, energy output, gut microbiota,
genetics
-food environment: easy availability of calorie-dense, cheap, good-tasting foods. Larger portions,
supersizing, no time to prepare food, which leads to eating out and eating prepackaged or fast
food
-physical activity environment: reductions in jobs requiring physical labor
-being overweight/obese increases risk of hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, gallbladder
disease, sleep apnea, breast cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality