PSY 181 Lecture 6: Week of 11/16 Module 1

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Edward chase tolman thought that psychology should be objective, but thought that objectivity did not require mechanistic thinking. He saw animal behavior as intelligent and flexible. Tolman did not view the stimulus-response mechanism as the foundation for behavior. He thought the association between an environmental stimulus and a behavioral response (the stimulus-response mechanism) as a hypothetical explanatory concept. He thought all behavior is goal-directed, or purposive. Behavior is the sequence of events leading to a specific, separable outcome. The outcome of behavior is always separate from the behavior itself. He thought the s-r connection is mediated by cognition, meaning that behavior doesn"t occur in a mechanistic way. Our thoughts, goals, and purposes mediate (explain) the association between the stimulus and the response. Goals, not conditioned responses, organize and direct behavior. Imminent expectations: goals are observable in behaviors. There is an imminent expectation (purpose) behind behavior.

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