C ENV 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Demographic Transition, Antibiotics, Paramecium

27 views2 pages

indigobuffalo444

9 Dec 2016

School

Department

College of the Environment

Course

C ENV 110

Professor

Ray Hilborn

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

C env 110 lecture 5 human population growth. If you have a lot of habitat with food, protection of predators, etc. -> the population will grow until there is an equilibrium with the food supply. Population grows until births = death (carrying capacity) *** many populations don"t reach a nice smooth equilibrium but fluctuate. Survival increased dramatically due to: increased public health (clean water, immunization, antibiotics. Birth rates declined in most of the worth due to: better education, increased wealth and access to birth control. Factors that will limit the ultimate size of human population: gdp (how rich a country is --> increasing life expectancy. Functionality of the government: urbanization, demographic transition. Historically birth rate = death rate and was balanced but as urbanization began, death rate declined, and birth rate stayed high. Then as time went on, the birth rate went down.

Related Questions

the population be in 2050? It is estimat... Bookmark What will the population be in 2050? It is estimated by the United Nations for the population of the world to be 9 billion people. That is an addition of 2 billion people. Energy agencies use population growth to help determine energy consumption. (Peak) Why does the world have such an increase in population? There are many things that aid in this growth, from newer medical technologies, cleanliness to food supply. Cheaper energy sources have also aided in this growth. As we look at energy sources, we need to realize that some are at its maximum of producing energy and that may affect the population growth. (Peak) Sometimes we have to make decisions without having all of the information we might need. When this happens how do we make a decision that takes everyone's best interests involved into account? Population predictions can often be difficult to accurately determine, yet in order to make decisions and plans about our local communities and the global community we have to make some imperfect predictions about future populations in order to attempt to allocate resources for future generations. As the population continues to increase, what happens to our energy resources? Are we depleting energy resources? In this discussion, think about what powers the world and discuss whether these resources are limited or not? Choose a new technology for power sources and discuss (some examples are Fusion, Solar Panels, Windmills, etc).

Prompt Now think about this on a more personal note and focus on yourself. If the world was running out of power sources, and you are asked to present your top 3 energy powered items that you would struggle losing (in your career and/or personal life)? If you had to limit your resources, which of these 3 would you choose to give up in order to keep your other 2 items that are power sourced?

What will the population be in 2050? It is estimated by the United Nations for the population of the world to be 9 billion people. That is an addition of 2 billion people. Energy agencies use population growth to help determine energy consumption. (Peak) Why does the world have such an increase in population? There are many things that aid in this growth, from newer medical technologies, cleanliness to food supply. Cheaper energy sources have also aided in this growth. As we look at energy sources, we need to realize that some are at its maximum of producing energy and that may affect the population growth. (Peak) Sometimes we have to make decisions without having all of the information we might need. When this happens how do we make a decision that takes everyone's best interests involved into account? Population predictions can often be difficult to accurately determine, yet in order to make decisions and plans about our local communities and the global community we have to make some imperfect predictions about future populations in order to attempt to allocate resources for future generations. As the population continues to increase, what happens to our energy resources? Are we depleting energy resources? In this discussion, think about what powers the world and discuss whether these resources are limited or not? Choose a new technology for power sources and discuss (some examples are Fusion, Solar Panels, Windmills, etc). Prompt Now think about this on a more personal note and focus on yourself. If the world was running out of power sources, and you are asked to present your top 3 energy powered items that you would struggle losing (in your career and/or personal life)? If you had to limit your resources, which of these 3 would you choose to give up in order to keep your other 2 items that are power sourced?

Case Study

Skolnikland is in Eastern Africa, with a population of 30 million people. The country has a plains region, a hill region, and a region with high mountains. It has a number of ecosystems. The plains are dry for much of the year, there is some rainforest, and the rest of the country includes both hills and mountains. There are two seasons of heavy rainfall.

The citizens come from several ethnic groups that tend to live in their own regions and speak different languages. The ethnic groups largely follow one of three different religions. The large cities are mixed ethnically. One ethnic group is economically and socially very dominant. The people from this group live in the capital and most of the large cities. The national language is the language of this dominant ethnic group.

According to World Bank criteria, Skolnikland is among the poorest countries in the world. The economy has been growing at about 4% per year on average over the last decade, but the economy had very slow economic growth in the decades prior to that. The richest 10% of the population controls 80% of the national income.

About 80% of the people live in rural areas and 20% in urban areas. The number of people living in urban areas has been growing recently at an increasing pace. Most people earn their livelihood in agriculture but there is an increasing garment manufacturing industry in the two largest cities. There are also a number of mining industries. In addition, other export industries are beginning to grow, mostly focused on the export of commodities to China.

The total fertility rate is about 4.5 but it has been declining slowly over the last two decades, from over 6. There is an almost equal number of men and women in the population. Infant mortality is about 90 per 1,000 live births. Maternal mortality is about 500 per 100,000 live births. Thirty-five percent of the children are underweight for age.

The adult literacy rate is about 40%. The educational enrollment rate, especially for girls at the primary and secondary levels, has been growing slowly, but steadily. Most recently, this rate has been growing at an increasing pace and about 75% of the girls now attend school regularly, although many of them are of very low quality.

Only about 50% of citizens have access to safe water. Only about 30% have access to sanitary disposal of human waste.

HIV prevalence is 7% of the adult population. The number of new HIV cases annually has begun to plateau. About half of the people eligible for treatment for HIV are on treatment. Malaria is rampant in the plains.

Investments in the road system have been growing at a solid pace in the last decade and the use of private automobiles has begun recently to increase more rapidly.

Skolnikland has a pluralistic health system that is made up of public and private institutions, publicly financed providers, licensed private providers, unlicensed medical practitioners, and traditional healers. There is no health insurance, except for some free services for the poor in the few publicly financed hospitals, which the better off people do not attend. The health system is not very effective or efficient and is generally of low quality. The HIV, TB, and malaria programs are not effective or efficient and they are just beginning to adopt paradigms for services that follow global best practices.

QUESTION 26

What is a DALY?