HSTAM 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Antipope Boniface Vii, Cathar Perfect, Consolamentum
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Published on 15 May 2017
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Lecture Notes 11
Monday, May 1, 2017
Penitents
- Affiliated w Franciscans
- Lived in own home, but performed many religious practices (prayer, fasting, charitable
works, etc.)
- Both groups…
o not enclosed and don’t take vows
o Flourished in urban areas
o Often single women; live communally
o Cultural factors – rapid economic growth + development of cash economy
o Backlash to economic growth is trend of living in poverty; idea of renouncing
wealth is central to beguines and penitents
o Emphasis on religious study, charitable work
- Threats to church
o Groups not subject to church’s control
o Church attempts to eradicate these groups by 12th-13th c.
o Council of Vienne (1311-12) – rules that Beguines can’t be religious + people
can’t join them anymore
▪ Other orders transformed to resemble beguines (e.g., penitence groups)
o Periculoso (1298) – Boniface VII; strict enclosure
- Recluse
- Anchoress
o Anchorhold, where woman stays, often attached to church or monastery
o Enclosed in cell limiting their contact w outside world
o Woman takes vow to remain in cell for the rest of her life
o Door locked and sealed up
- Women without the church
o Often religious orders that are determined heretic by church
o Guglielma (d. 1281) – followers believed she personified holy spirit, and believed
that one of them was destined to become pope, and that this pope was destined to
be attended by female cardinals
▪ This would “mark the dawn of a new age”
▪ Didn’t pose huge threat to church
o Waldensians
▪ Germany, France
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