NUTR 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Evaporation, Diuretic, Calorie
31 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 05/16/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 1
Nutrients involved in fluid and electrolyte balance
Reading
P 292-304
Chapter 13 - Sodiu, Potassiu…, Water, Water Itake Recoedatios
Learning objectives:
• Distinguish between extracellular, intracellular, interstitial, and intravascular fluid.
• Describe the roles of the brain in blood pressure and blood volume regulation
• List four symptoms of dehydration
• Compare effects of sodium and potassium in the body
• Define hyponatremia and explain how it could happen
Water and body fluids
Essential for life: required for fluid and electrolyte
balance and many metabolic reactions
Compromised 70% of the body
Fluid compartments
Intracellular fluid is inside of cells (2/3)
Extracellular fluid is outside of cell
Intercellular fluid fills in spaces between or surrounding cells (1/3)
Intravascular fluid is the water in the blood and lymph
Osmosis
Movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane in order to equalize concentration of
solutes on both sides of membrane
Functions of Body Fluids
Solvent –
Dissolves a variety of substances for transport
Dissolved substances = Solutes
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NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 05/16/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 2
Blood transports solutes in the body
Body temperature regulation –
Water absorbs any excess heat
Blood moves heat away from core
Cools body
Body secretes fluids via perspiration (sweating)
Evaporation of water from the skin cools the skin and blood
Protect and lubricate – examples:
Cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, saliva
Water Balance
Fluid Sources – Beverages, foods, metabolic water
Fluid losses – Urine, sweat, respiration, feces
DRI for adult men and women 3.7 and 2.7 L, respectively
Rule of thumb - 1 milliliter per Calorie
Fluid balance is maintained using several organs
Brain
Detects higher concentrations of sodium/lower blood volume
• Stimulates thirst
• Secretes antidiuretic hormone - instructs kidneys to retain fluid
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
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Document Summary
Chapter 13 - sodiu(cid:373), potassiu(cid:373) , water, water i(cid:374)take reco(cid:373)(cid:373)e(cid:374)datio(cid:374)s. Essential for life: required for fluid and electrolyte balance and many metabolic reactions. Intercellular fluid fills in spaces between or surrounding cells (1/3) Intravascular fluid is the water in the blood and lymph. Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in order to equalize concentration of solutes on both sides of membrane. Evaporation of water from the skin cools the skin and blood. Dri for adult men and women 3. 7 and 2. 7 l, respectively. Rule of thumb - 1 milliliter per calorie. Detects higher concentrations of sodium/lower blood volume: stimulates thirst, secretes antidiuretic hormone - instructs kidneys to retain fluid. Susceptible populations athletes, people who are ill (vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration), older adults, infants. Can happen when excessive sodium losses replaced with water alone. Can result in a dilution of sodium (hyponatremia) Mineral substances that dissociate into positively or negatively charged ions in water.
