BIS 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Adenosine Monophosphate, Exergonic Reaction, Oxidative Phosphorylation
3 May 2018
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ATP and Glycolysis
●adenosine triphosphate
●main cellular role: “short-term” energy transfer device; “energy currency”
ATP Structure and Function
●nucleotide: adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
○nitrogenous base: adenine
○bonded to ribose molecule and a single phosphate group
●phosphorylation (condensation of phosphate groups onto AMP)
○ endergonic process
●hydrolysis reactions break apart one or more of the phosphates
(dephosphorylation)
○exergonic reaction
○reactants: phosphorylated nucleotide and water
○products: inorganic phosphate and nucleotide minus one phosphate
“High-Energy” Bonds
●describes an exergonic reaction involving hydrolysis of the bond that results in a
“large,” negative change in free energy
○involves the sum of all bond rearrangements
The Cycling of ATP Pools
●ATP turns over (becomes ADP and then back to ATP) 1.5 x per minute
●some energy that is transferred in the many conversions between ATP, ADP, and
other biomolecules is also transferred to the environment
How Do Cells Generate ATP
●substrate level phosphorylation (SLP) and oxidative phosphorylation
○direct or indirect synthesis of ATP
Glycolysis: An Overview
●metabolic pathway centered on the processing of glucose for both energy extraction
from chemical fuel and for the processing of the carbons in glucose into various
other biomolecules
●anaerobic
●occurs in the cytosol or cytoplasm of cells
Document Summary
Main cellular role: short-term energy transfer device; energy currency . Bonded to ribose molecule and a single phosphate group. Phosphorylation (condensation of phosphate groups onto amp) Hydrolysis reactions break apart one or more of the phosphates (dephosphorylation) Products: inorganic phosphate and nucleotide minus one phosphate. Describes an exergonic reaction involving hydrolysis of the bond that results in a. Involves the sum of all bond rearrangements. Atp turns over (becomes adp and then back to atp) 1. 5 x per minute. Some energy that is transferred in the many conversions between atp, adp, and other biomolecules is also transferred to the environment. Substrate level phosphorylation (slp) and oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic pathway centered on the processing of glucose for both energy extraction from chemical fuel and for the processing of the carbons in glucose into various other biomolecules. Occurs in the cytosol or cytoplasm of cells. Glucose is catalyzed by hexokinase (phosphorylates glucose)
