BIS 2B Lecture 16: BIO

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fuchsiawhale832

31 Oct 2018

School

UC-Davis

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIS 2B

Professor

Mark Schwartz; Sharon Strauss

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BIS 2B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: White Feathers, Allele Frequency, Kin Selection

BIS 2B Lecture 16: BIO

BIS 2B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Anagenesis, Cladogenesis, Phylogenetic Tree

Document Summary

Natural selection: the differential contribution of offspring to the next generation by individuals (and their genotypes) belonging to a population. Selection acts on the phenotype , not the genotype. Selection acts on individuals and not on species. Evolution: changes in the allele frequencies of a population over the course of generations. : the origin of two species from a common ancestral species- consists of the evolution of. Ecolo(cid:274)ical a(cid:313)d evolutio(cid:313)ar(cid:405) e(cid:404)pla(cid:313)atio(cid:313)s (cid:273)or creatio(cid:313), loss, a(cid:313)d (cid:312)ai(cid:313)te(cid:313)a(cid:313)ce o(cid:273) Ecolo(cid:274)ical a(cid:313)d evolutio(cid:313)ar(cid:405) e(cid:404)pla(cid:313)atio(cid:313)s (cid:273)or creatio(cid:313), loss, a(cid:313)d (cid:312)ai(cid:313)te(cid:313)a(cid:313)ce o(cid:273) species diversit(cid:405) species diversit(cid:405) A species consists of groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species are breeding units that can no longer exchange genes (no gene flow= reproductive isolation ). In other words, it is the idea that species are species because they breed with themselves and not with other species

Related Questions

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as âjust a theoryâ? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word âtheoryâ in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

viridianmanatee515

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

1/ What is the difference between the different patterns ofselection: directional, stabilizing, anddiversifying?

2/ How do bacteria acquire genetic variation and how does thatdiffer from the mechanism by which humans acquire variation?

3/ What were the key observations made by Darwin to develop thebasic tenants of the theory of evolution? Has thistheory been tested?

4/ What are the most common misconceptionsabout evolution and why are they not valid arguments againstevolution?

5/ The key component of the theory of evolution isnatural selection. Define this process. Why is itcommonly known as âsurvival of the fittestâ? What are examples offactors (selective pressures) that drive evolutionof populations?

6/ What is the indirect evidence of evolution? What arehomologous and analogousstructures? What is convergent evolution?How does similarity of proteins between different species supportthe idea of evolution?

7/ Be able to explain why the following statement is true:Natural Selection works on individuals while evolution works onpopulations over generations. Or to put it another way: Individualsdo not evolve, populations do.

8/ How can evolution explain theformation of complex structures such as the eye or the flagellamotor?

9/ What causes variation in a species? To putthis another way: all humans have the same genes, yet we do notlook alike. What is the reason for the phenotypicdifferences between individuals of the same species? What isgenetic recombination?

10/ What are the dangers of small populations of a species froma genetic and evolutionary standpoint? What is thebottleneck effect?

11. How does speciation occur? What is theimportance of geographic isolation? How is thisillustrated in the Galapagos?

12. What is Darwinian Medicine and how does ithelp us better understand medical conditions?

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BIS 2B Lecture 16: BIO

BIS 2B Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: White Feathers, Allele Frequency, Kin Selection

BIS 2B Lecture 16: BIO

BIS 2B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Anagenesis, Cladogenesis, Phylogenetic Tree

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