CHE 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Electron Configuration, Maximum Capacity

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Che2a lecture 13 atoms prefer to have the lowest possible energy. Electron structure / electron configuration: form of nation showing how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals in subshells and shells, consists of a series of numbers, letters, and superscripts, ex: Five electrons belong to the p subshell, which belongs to the second shell. The aufbau principle: under normal conditions, atoms are in their lowest energy state, or in the ground state, which is when electrons are in the lowest energy orbitals possible. In an atom with more than one electron, between two subshells, the one that has the lower energy is the one with the lower sum of the first two quantum numbers (n+l). If both the subshells have the same sum, then the one with the lower first quantum number (n) has lower energy. Extended electron configuration: the extended electron configuration shows the specific locations of the p orbitals (x, y, z, ex:

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please answer questions 12- 18

Quantum mechanics is a very complex theory. A good way to help you remember it is to compare it to an apartment building. An apartment building has different floors, different apartments on each floor, and different rooms within each apartment. We can look upon the electrons of an atom as rather peculiar apartment dwellers. Electrons prefer the floor closest to the ground and the smallest apartments. Electrons also prefer to live one to a room until each room in an apartment has one occupant. The electrons will then pair up until each room has two. Each room in an apartment can hold two electrons Apartment buildings have several floors. The model we discuss has several floors, but only the first 7 floors will be occupied. All the electrons known today will fit within 7 floors of the building. Additional floors are available but will only be occupied in special situations. The floors in the apartment building are called shells in the electron model and are numbered 1-7. 1) According to what you have just read, what shell will be occupied first by electrons? 2 flers Each shell (or floor) in the model has one or more apartments, which are called subshells. These subshells are apartments of four sizes: s,p,d, and f. An s subshell (apartment) has only a single room. A p subshell has 3 rooms. A d subshell has 5 rooms, while an fsubshell has 7 rooms. An s subshell then will hold a maximum of 2 electrons according to the model. 2) A p subshell will bold a maximum of how many electrons? 3) How many will a d subshell hold? lo e lect@n)ã.ã 4) How many will an fsubshell hold? Iy cles tiou Each room in a subshell is called an orbital. From the previous question we know that a s subshell will consist of one orbital with a capacity (occupancy) of 2 electrons. 5) A p subshell will consist of 3 orbitals with a total subshell capacity of electrons. 6) A d subshell will have 7) Anf subshell will have orbitals and a total capacity of lo_ electrons orbi electrons. The first shell (floor) has only 1 subshell (apartment), which is an s subshell Because of its location on the first shell, it is called a ls subshell 8) How many orbitals(rooms) are there in the Is subshell? 9) How many electrons will the subshell hold?-- a. The second shell (floor) only has an s subshell (apartment) and a p subshell 10) If the s subshell is called 2, what do you suppose the p subshell is called? 11) How many orbitals (rooms) are in that p subshell? 12) How many subshells are in the second shell? 13) How many orbitals are there in the second shell? 14) How many electrons can occupy the second shell? 15) The third shell has 3 subshells: s.p andd 16) What are they called? 17) How many subshells are in the third shell? 18) How many orbitals are in the third shell?

Sort the following electron configurations of neutral atoms based on whether they represent an excited state configuration or a ground state configuration.

CHE 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Electron Configuration, Maximum Capacity

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