ECN 001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Demand Curve, Natural Monopoly, Deadweight Loss
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Monopoly: a firm that is the sole seller of a product w/o close substitutes. A monopoly firm has market power: the ability to influence the market price of the product it sells. Opposite of a competitive firm (has no market power) Main cause of monopolies: barriers to entry: other firms cannot enter the market. 3 sources of barriers to entry: a single firm owns a key resource. Debeers owns most of the world"s diamond mines: the govt gives a single firm the exclusive right to produce the good. Ex. patents, copyright laws: natural monopoly: a single firm can produce the entire market q at a lower cost than could several firms. Atc is lower if 1 firm services all 1000 homes, than if 2 firms each service 500 homes. Market demand curve slopes downward (on the s & d graph) But the d curve for any individual"s firm"s product is horizontal at the market price.