LIN 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Phonetic Transcription, Auditory Phonetics, Coarticulation
Linguistics
Phonetic Transcription and the IPA:
• It is often convenient to split up speech in a language into segments, which are defined as
identifiable units in the flow of speech.
• In many ways this discretization of speech is somewhat fictional, in that both articulation
and the acoustic signal of speech are almost entirely continuous.
• Additionally, attempts to classify segments by nature must ignore some level of detail, as
no two segments produced at separate times are ever identical.
• Even so, segmentation remains a crucial tool in almost all aspects of linguistics.
• In phonetics the most basic segments are called phones, which may be defined as units in
speech which can be distinguished acoustically or articulatorily.
• In many contexts phones may be thought of as acoustic or articulatory targets which may
or may not be fully reached in actual speech.
• Another, more commonly used segment is the phoneme!
• Realized speech is highly co-articulated, displays movement and spreads aspects of
sounds over entire syllables and words.
• The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation which
provides a standardized system of transcribing phonetic segments up to a certain degree
of detail.
• To understand the IPA's taxonomy of phones, it is important to consider articulatory,
acoustic, and auditory phonetics.
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