LIN 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sonorant, Vocal Folds, Vocal Tract

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7 May 2018
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Consonants:
Phoneticians generally characterize consonants as being distinguished by settings of the
independent variables place of articulation (POA) and manner of articulation (MOA).
In layman's terminology, POA is "where" the consonant is produced, while MOA is
"how" the consonant is produced.
The following are descriptions of the different POAs
Bilabial segments are produced with the lips held together, for instance the [p] sound of
the English pin, or the [b] sound in bin.
Labiodental segments are produced by holding the upper teeth to the lower lip, like in
the [f] sound of English fin.
Dental consonants have the tongue making contact with the upper teeth. An example
from English is the [θ] sound in the word thin.
Alveolar consonants have the tongue touching the area of the mouth known as the
alveolar ridge. Examples include the [t] in tin and [s] in sin.
Postalveolar consonants are similar to alveolars but more retracted like the [ʃ] of shin.
Palatal consonants are articulated at the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the
mouth). In English the sound is seen in “Young”
Velar consonants are articulated at the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth,
known also as the velum).
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Document Summary

Consonants: phoneticians generally characterize consonants as being distinguished by settings of the independent variables place of articulation (poa) and manner of articulation (moa). In layman"s terminology, poa is where the consonant is produced, while moa is. how the consonant is produced: the following are descriptions of the different poas, bilabial segments are produced with the lips held together, for instance the [p] sound of the english pin, or the [b] sound in bin. Labiodental segments are produced by holding the upper teeth to the lower lip, like in the [f] sound of english fin: dental consonants have the tongue making contact with the upper teeth. An example from english is the [ ] sound in the word thin: alveolar consonants have the tongue touching the area of the mouth known as the alveolar ridge. Try pronouncing the hissing sound [s] of the english word sip.

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