MCB 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Ribosomal Rna, Transfer Rna, Messenger Rna
19 Nov 2016
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Linkage mapping: n trios: 2n chromosomes that underwent meiosis in parents. Molecular definition of a gene: gene is a segment of dna. It directs the formation of rna to produce protein: protein or functional rna creates the phenotype. Information is conveyed by the sequence of the nucleotides. Dna structure: nu(cid:272)leotides joi(cid:374) (cid:448)ia a (cid:272)o(cid:448)ale(cid:374)t (cid:271)o(cid:374)d (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) the 5" phosphate of o(cid:374)e a(cid:374)d the 3" hydroxyl of another. This creates a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone: two polypeptide chains align forming a double helix. Hydrogen bonds forming between complementary bases hold two strands together. Opposing orientation (head to toe) is called antiparallelism: dna structure. The key to the constant width of the double helix is the specific paring of purines and pyrimidines via hydrogen bonds. Complementary base pairs are: adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine: note that one strand of the double helix runs in 5 to 3 direction and the other strand in a 3 to 5 direction.
