WFC 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Pronghorn, Rocky Shore, California Tiger Salamander

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Individual distance: an individual will maintain a distance around itself free of conspecific competition, through aggression or avoidance. This is an exclusive area, moves with the animal. Home range: area used during the course of normal activities. Territory: area of exclusive use maintained by active defense. Cost: time, energy, injury associated with defending: wolves got killed in territory disputes. Non overlap (territory): common yellowthroat: not always an indicator of territoriality (aggression/ threat of) Partial overlap ( core area territory ): golden-mantled ground squirrel: don"t know if the non-overlaps is caused by aggression or threat of, rather common spatial organization among mammals (raptors only defend their nest site) Complete overlap (social): elk: sharing the group home range. Animal grouping: aggression: temporary assemblage due to external stimulus. As soon as that boat docks, the birds leave (temporary) and they are only there for fish (external stimuli: social group: persistent group maintained by mutual attraction within the group.

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