ANTHRO 136K Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Phone Sex, Sex Tourism, Webcam
28 Jun 2018
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ANTHRO 139K - Lecture 11 - Child Brides, Sex Trafficking Slavery, and the Sex Industries
Child Marriage
●The marriage of anyone under the age of 18.
○According to the UN’s parameters for Universal Human Rights, 18 is the legal age
of consent – any person under 18 is a “child.”
○However, various cultures throughout the globe do not agree that 18 years
marks adulthood and marriageability, and/or they do not adhere to the UN’s
policies with regards to this age.
●Chile marriage is predominantly a result of arranged marriages.
●It predominantly involves marrying girls to older men, but there are some instances of
marrying young boys to young girls.
●It tends to be practiced more where there is high rates of poverty and less education.
●However – from my work in Hatay – a decrease in child marriage does not necessarily
result from advances in economic development and education. As the village advanced
economically and after a new, larger and well staffed school was built, child marriage
increased.
Reasons for Child Marriage
●Inequitable gender roles and relations:
○Girls are deemed to be a financial and social burden to their families
○There is a lack of socially acceptable alternatives for girls.
○Men make the decisions.
●Family and community honor is dependent on early marriage for girls:
○Safeguards the family from being dishonored by girls having premarital sex,
getting raped, or becoming pregnant.
○Reinforces ties among families and the community.
●Cultural norms:
○It is a long standing practice going back through a community’s history.
●Marrying off a girl child can settle debts and other disputes.
●Child marriage reinforces the idea that girls and women are not entitled to free will.
●It curtails improving the status of women and supporting a global system of gender
equality.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
●It wastes valuable human resources.
●Child brides become isolated from:
○School
○Family and friends
○Access to information and communication technologies
●There is a much higher than average rate of infant mortality among child brides.
●Child brides are at high health risks.
○Early pregnancies
○Exposed to STDs
○Physically overworked
○Psychological difficulties
Interventions
●The UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) are the
programs that focus on ending child marriage by 2030, and on helping underage
married girls.
●However, there are problems with funding and in general, the UN has difficulty with
enforcing any of its acts, rules, policies, etc.
●Moreover, the UN, itself, is plagued with enforcement personnel who have a history of
sexually abusing and exploiting children and women in the locations they are placed as
“peacekeepers” throughout the globe.
●Other interventions involve national and international NGOs, governmental programs,
volunteer organizations, religious organizations, etc.
●One of the most effective interventions is education and participatory community
organizations for girls and women; as well as reaching out to men.
Statistics
●After drugs, human trafficking is the second largest criminal industry in the world
●It is a 12 billion dollar a year industry
●There are approximately 27 million victims of human trafficking worldwide.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Anthro 139k - lecture 11 - child brides, sex trafficking slavery, and the sex industries. The marriage of anyone under the age of 18. According to the un"s parameters for universal human rights, 18 is the legal age of consent any person under 18 is a child. However, various cultures throughout the globe do not agree that 18 years marks adulthood and marriageability, and/or they do not adhere to the un"s policies with regards to this age. Chile marriage is predominantly a result of arranged marriages. It predominantly involves marrying girls to older men, but there are some instances of marrying young boys to young girls. It tends to be practiced more where there is high rates of poverty and less education. However from my work in hatay a decrease in child marriage does not necessarily result from advances in economic development and education.
