ART 12B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Turing Machine, Computational Theory Of Mind, Universal Turing Machine
Art 12B 5/15/18: Lecture Twelve
⚫ Alan Turing: did’t at to uild a oputer, he ated to uild a atheati deie. He rites a
thought experiment about a universal machine (the Turing machine) which is a part of a
mathematic debate in the 1920s dealing with girdles and conplatency.
➢ If you describe a mathematical world, you cannot describe it with the rules of the system. Its
like, to discuss the rules that describe chess, you have to zoom out and have broader
mathematical rules to discuss those rules.
➢ His paper on computable numbers gave rise to the abstract model of a computer in which all
information is represented by binary bits.
⚫ In cybernetics, intelligence was understood as adaptation. In computer science (or AI) intelligence
was understood as reason.
⚫ Functionalism: Hillary. The rai is a oputer ad the oputer a e a rai. If thikig is
calculation than you can do calculation in different media and ways. Therefore intelligence is
portable by putting into circuitry or ells. This is a computational paradigm.
➢ AI: intelligence can be put into a machine. Reasoning on symbols in a mathematical process to
get answers.
➢ Cognitive Science: thinking is reasoning on symbols, therefore the human brain runs
algorithms.
⚫ Technoculutre: how tech and culture influence each other. These are how we got the ideas about
how our minds work. These ideas are deeply connected with the idea of digital computing as a
commodity.
➢ Clockwork was the model from which we got our analogies and metaphors during the
enlightenment.
➢ For our era, the paradigmatic technology is computing. We get ideas from the technology of
computing and they structure the way we think about ourselves—intelligence, social
relationships, a lot.
⚫ Naturalization: its challenging to question fundamental assumptions taken as fact before we were
in a position to dispute. Not only that, but the English language reinforces these ideas.
➢ “My foot hurts. I o the foot. Why ot I foot hurts if the foot is part of e. It souds fuy
but why is it wrong? Is the foot not part of me? Is it just a thing I have?
⚫ Thinking is the mathematical manipulation of these symbols to produce new symbols. That is
what defines intelligence in the computationalist idea. (First Generation AI 1960-1990. We are now
in another generation of AI).
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
If you describe a mathematical world, you cannot describe it with the rules of the system. Its like, to discuss the rules that describe chess, you have to zoom out and have broader mathematical rules to discuss those rules. His paper on computable numbers gave rise to the abstract model of a computer in which all information is represented by binary bits. In computer science (or ai) intelligence was understood as reason. The (cid:271)rai(cid:374) is a (cid:272)o(cid:373)puter a(cid:374)d the (cid:272)o(cid:373)puter (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e a (cid:271)rai(cid:374). (cid:862)if thi(cid:374)ki(cid:374)g is calculation than you can do calculation in different media and ways. Therefore intelligence is portable by putting into circuitry or (cid:272)ells(cid:863). Ai: intelligence can be put into a machine. Reasoning on symbols in a mathematical process to get answers. Cognitive science: thinking is reasoning on symbols, therefore the human brain runs algorithms. Technoculutre: how tech and culture influence each other. These are how we got the ideas about how our minds work.
