BIO SCI 45 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Interleukin 2, Growth Factor, Dendritic Cell
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13 Sep 2016
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Possible permutations of antibodies that a b-lymphocyte could make is in the many millions. Immature b-lymphocytes: express specific antibodies on their outer surfaces, do not excrete antibody, do not divide. If an immature b-lymphocyte encounters and binds antigen with its specific antibody -> signal for activation: full activation requires a second signal. Fully activated b-lymphocyte (with second signal): divides rapidly to generate more activated b-cells that make the same antibody, secretes specific antibody into lymph or blood. B-lymphocytes that have not bound an antigen are not activated (no proliferation, no antibody secretion) Antibodies mediate specific attack: neutralizing antibodies bind microbes to inactivate their infectivity (blocking, antibodies binding to the infectious agent activates phagocytosis. Complement proteins bind to antibodies bound to microbes to kill the microbes. Different b-lymphocytes may make antibodies for different parts of a single virus protein. Immune system encounters an antigen for the first time: days to weeks until antigen-specific antibodies appear, only innate defenses at this time!
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