BIO SCI 93 Lecture 26: The Nervous System 1
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1 Dec 2016
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Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information within the body. Neurons use two types of signals to communicate: electrical signals (long-distance) and chemical signals (short-distance) The transmission of information depends on the path of neurons along which a signal travels. Processing of information takes place in simple clusters of neurons called ganglia or a more complex organization of neurons called a brain. Nervous systems process information in three stages: A synapse is a junction between an axon and another cell. The synaptic terminal of one axon passes information across the synapse in the form of. Information flows in one direction: from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. Information is transmitted from a presynaptic cell (a neuron) to a postsynaptic cell (a neuron, muscle, or gland cell) Most neurons are nourished or insulated by cells called glia. Astrocytes support neurons and form the blood-brain barrier. Ependymal cells promote circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
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