BIO SCI 99 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Polynucleotide, Peptidyl Transferase, Nucleoside
1 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Dna is in nucleus, proteins are made in cytoplasm. Dna is a template for its own synthesis. Rna polymerase: opens dna and makes rna from template strand. Trna: amino acids are attached to it. Functional rna: (trna and rrna) make 95% of rna in cell. Turns alpha helix into beta sheets. (changes protein structure). Glycosidic bond: covalent joining of base to c in sugar, dehydration. Phosphate covalently bonds to 5"c on sugar to form nucleotide. Nucleotide = base + pentose sugar + phosphate group. Purine(planar with small pucker): a&g, pyrimidine(planar): c&t/u. Phosphodiester bond: 5"phosphate group of one nucleotide connects to 3" hydroxyl group of the next. Hydrophobic stacking: minimizes contact w water and keeps stable 3d structure. Base pairing: h bond between amino and carbonyl groups. Minor bases occur that affect structure and function. Polarity of dna/rna: due to free 5" and 3" ends. Rna has oh on sugar and dna has h. 2 aa = peptide, more = polypeptide.
