CHEM 1B Lecture 8: Lecture 8 Thermodynamics
Document Summary
Things tend to go from order to disorder. Energy = mass x gravity x height (localized) Energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity2 (kinetic energy) A spontaneous process can occur without ongoing outside intervention. Thermodynamics has nothing to say about how fast processes happen. Cares only about initial state, spontaneity, but does talk about how long it"ll take (more activation energy = longer process) Spontaneity is not determined by enthalpy; endothermic processes can also be spontaneous. The second law of thermodynamics - for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases (suniv > 0) Or the entropy of an isolated system increases in the course of any spontaneous change. Universe naturally progresses from order to disorder; greater dispersal of energy. Matter and energy tend to disorder; quantified by the entropy; s. W = 0 because no pressure ; u = 0. Irreversible expansion pex < pin (same initial and final states as free expansion)
