CHEM 1P Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Unpaired Electron, Electron Configuration, Nonmetal
Document Summary
Elements, compounds, and mixtures: element- can"t be converted to a smaller substance, compound- made of 2 or more elements, mixture- sample of matter that has 2 or more pure substances (elements or compounds) with variable composition. Covalent bonds: electron probability cloud, sharing of electrons between 2 nonmetallic elements. Ionic bond: attraction between cations and anions, metal and nonmetal, cations get smaller, anions get bigger (atomic radii, nonmetals often attract electrons more strongly than metals; metals become cations and nonmetals become anions. Types of compounds: molecular compounds- all nonmetal atoms mean covalent bonds to form molecules. Hydrogen is a bigger molecule than cl, and they bond covalently. Molecules: ionic compounds- metal and nonmetal combinations lead to ionic bonds and compounds. The nonmetallic anion is much larger than the metallic cation. Alternation cation and anion in a crystal structure. Valence-bond model: highest energy electrons participate in bonding, covalent bonds form to pair unpaired electrons, valence electrons.
