PSYCH 150 Lecture Notes - Posterior Probability, Fast Mapping, Prior Probability
Document Summary
Review questions: word meaning (1) terms/concepts to know: mapping problem, fast mapping, cross-situational learning, bayesian inference, posterior probability, likelihood, prior probability, positive examples, whole object constraint, taxonomic constraint, subordinate, basic, superordinate, lexical contrast. Mapping problem: an infinite number of hypotheses about word meaning are possible given the input the child has. That is, the input underspecifies the word"s meaning. Fast mapping: children begin by making an initial fast mapping between a new word they hear and its likely meaning. They guess, and then modify the guess as more input comes in. Cross-situational learning: new approach: infants accrue statistical evidence across multiple trials that are individually ambiguous but can be disambiguated when the information from the trials is aggregated. Bayesian inference: in bayesian inference, the belief in a particular hypothesis (h) (or the probability of that hypothesis), given the data observed (d) can be calculated the following way: P(h | d) = p(d | h) * p(h)
