CRM/LAW C7 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Scientific Method, Critical Criminology, Cesare Lombroso
7 Feb 2016
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Three criminal law reformers: cesare beccaria, bentham, romilly, rousseau, thomas hobbes, montesquieu. Age of enlightenment and the social contract. Humans freely and willingly give up part of their liberty to the state (the social contract) (give liberty up, get state in return) Punishment is necessary and justified when laws are broken and the public is endangered. Equality before the law is the fundamental principle (citizens) 1) rule of law = legislators make laws and set punishments. 2) human beings are rational and free. 3) punishment should fit the crime, not the criminal. 4) punishment goals: deterrence, retribution pleasure. Punishment should only be so severe so that pain > 5) certainty and swiftness of punishment are more crucial to the prevention of crime than is severity. Policy solutions? (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1: **certainty is most difficult. 3) form a hypothesis -> scientific method. Studied skulls and faces, hairlines, ear size, ear position, jawline, eye distance.
