EARTHSS 21 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Cryosphere, Covalent Bond, Ionic Bonding
21 Jul 2016
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Document Summary
Lecture 7: why water is so weird but wonderful. Greatest warming in the arctic (due to positive feedback processes) Effects of climate change on sw usa: snowpack: a mass of snow on the ground that is compressed and hardened by its own weight, specialty crops: huge part of our economy. 1 and 4 are directly related to the cryosphere, but all are essentially related to it. Why water is really weird but so important. Thermal properties: how it responds to adding or losing energy. Its solid is less dense than its liquid form. Atom: nucleus composed of protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral) Elements are defined by the number of protons in the nucleus. Ionic bond: usually between a metal (has one or two electrons) and nonmetal (wants to gain one or two to make a full outer shell); transfer electrons between them. Covalent bond: both nonmetal (both want electrons, share them)
