PSYCH 7A Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Operant Conditioning, Hairpin Turn, Food Presentation
29 Jun 2018
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PSYCH 7A - Lecture 9 - Learning
Associative Learning
●Learning - A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior, due to experience
●Associative Learning - learning that two events occur together
Classical Conditioning
●Classical conditioning – type of learning in which an organism comes to associate
stimuli, and thus to anticipate events
●The work of Ivan Pavlov led to the understanding of classical conditioning
○Stimulus 1: Lightning + Stimulus 2: Thunder
○Result after repetition: Stimulus: We see lightning → Response: We wince,
anticipating thunder
Ivan Pavlov
●Studied salivary secretion in dogs
○put food in dog’s mouth, it salivates
○soon, dog salivated to stimuli associated with food
○an important form of learning is going on!
Pavlov’s Experiment
●Pair a neutral stimulus with food presentation
●Will the dog associate the two stimuli (neutral stimulus and food)?
●Will the neutral stimulus make the dog salivate in anticipation of food?
Acquisition
●The initial learning of association between stimuli
●Before conditioning, NS doesn’t produce a CR
●Through pairing of NS and US, NS becomes a CS producing a CR
●Strength of CR gradually grows until it gets to be as strong as the UR
Timing of Stimulus Presentation During Acquisition
●The strength of a CR depends on the timing of the presentation of CS and US
●For a large range of situations, presenting the CS about a half-second before the US
produces strongest response
●Thinking of CS as a “signal” that US is about to occur
○Think of it like a “caution” sign on a mountain road, warning about a hairpin turn
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PSYCH 7A Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Learning - a relatively permanent change in an organism"s behavior, due to experience. Associative learning - learning that two events occur together. Classical conditioning type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli, and thus to anticipate events. The work of ivan pavlov led to the understanding of classical conditioning. Stimulus 1: lightning + stimulus 2: thunder. Result after repetition: stimulus: we see lightning response: we wince, anticipating thunder. Put food in dog"s mouth, it salivates. Soon, dog salivated to stimuli associated with food. An important form of learning is going on! Pair a neutral stimulus with food presentation. The initial learning of association between stimuli. Before conditioning, ns doesn"t produce a cr. Through pairing of ns and us, ns becomes a cs producing a cr. Strength of cr gradually grows until it gets to be as strong as the ur. The strength of a cr depends on the timing of the presentation of cs and us.
