PSYCH 7A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Token Economy, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning
29 Jun 2018
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PSYCH 7A - Lecture 19 - Therapy
Therapy
●Psychological therapy (psychotherapy)
○used with psychological disorders that are believed to be learned (e.g. phobias)
○a trained therapist uses psychological techniques to help someone to overcome
psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
●Biomedical therapy
○usually used for disorders thought to have biological causes (e.g. schizophrenia)
○prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s
nervous system
Psychoanalysis
●based on Freud’s theory
●assumes disorders develop because of conflicts early in life
●unacceptable or frightening wish (e.g. “kill father”)
●wish surfaces later in disguised form (e.g. “kill others”)
●Goal – bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness so patient can deal with them
Free Association
●patient says whatever comes into her head in a completely candid, uncensored manner
●thoughts may be childhood memories, dreams, recent experiences
●analyst usually sits out of patient’s view
●Resistance
○the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
○Examples:
■omitting “trivial,” irrelevant, embarrassing things
■making jokes
■changing the subject
●Interpretation
○analyst notes resistances, dream meanings, or other significant behavior and
events in order to promote insight
Transference
●patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships
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●gives patient a chance to “work-through” that relationship
●positive reactions – e.g. patient “falls in love” with analyst as atmosphere of trust
develops
●negative reactions – e.g. when sensitive material is surfacing and therapy becomes
challenging
Psychodynamic Treatment
●Psychodynamic therapy
○briefer and less expensive than traditional psychoanalysis
●Differences with psychoanalysis:
○shorter and less intensive than Freud’s therapy
○less concerned with psychosexual development, childhood experiences
○more focused
○more interaction and warmth toward client
Humanistic Therapies
●emphasizes people’s self-fulfillment
●humanistic therapists help people grow in self- awareness and self- acceptance
●view job as promoting growth rather than curing illness
Client-Centered Therapy
●Non-directive therapy
○therapist listens to client without judging or interpreting
○therapist avoids leading client toward particular insights
●Carl Rogers
○most people already have the natural ability to heal themselves
○therapist’s job is to create an environment that enables the client to get in touch
with the nature of the problem
●Attitudes that create a non-threatening atmosphere of acceptance
1. Genuineness: therapist is open and “real,” honestly expressing his or her own
thoughts.
2. Empathy: the ability to see the world through the client’s eyes.
3. Acceptance (unconditional positive regard): the ability to express warmth and
caring for the client even when the therapist doesn’t approve of the client’s
behavior.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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PSYCH 7A Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Used with psychological disorders that are believed to be learned (e. g. phobias) A trained therapist uses psychological techniques to help someone to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. Usually used for disorders thought to have biological causes (e. g. schizophrenia) Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient"s nervous system. Assumes disorders develop because of conflicts early in life. Unacceptable or frightening wish (e. g. kill father ) Wish surfaces later in disguised form (e. g. kill others ) Goal bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness so patient can deal with them. Patient says whatever comes into her head in a completely candid, uncensored manner. Thoughts may be childhood memories, dreams, recent experiences. Analyst usually sits out of patient"s view. The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. Analyst notes resistances, dream meanings, or other significant behavior and events in order to promote insight. Patient"s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.
