PSYCH 9C Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Catatonia, Thought Insertion, Socioeconomic Status
Lecture 4
The Roots of Mood Disorders
●Genetic Factor
●Brain bases
●Psychological risk factors
●Social factors
●Cultural factors
○Depression is seen in all cultures
■Plays a role in shaping the likelihood it will
emerge
■If you immigrate to the US you are more likely to
develop depression than if you were born in
America
■In China, Taiwan, and Japan symptoms of
depression are more bodily than psychological
■Plays a role in the form it will take
Psychosis
●Loss of contact with reality; can’t distinguish what is and
isn’t real
●A person can have insight, however
●Hallucinations
○Sensory experience in the absence of sensory stimuli
■Auditory (hear) - most common
■Visual (see) - second most common
■Olfactory (smell)
■Tactile (feel)
■Gustatory (taste)
○We have all experienced some sort of hallucinations,
like our name being called.
○To reach a psychotic point, it happens constantly and
it is very distressing. This is something you need to
seek treatment for. They get fixated on these things
and believe they are actually happening.
○Vast majority report hallucinations are unpleasant,
make them feel badly.
○Visual can span from shadows and thinking you see
something to very realistic, vivid images, like body
parts on the ground.
○Olfactory hallucinations often get a whiff of a smell
○Tactile - feeling breeze, tingling, electricity, bugs
up arms…
○Hallucinations are common
○Problems arise when
■They are frequent
■They are distressing
■They initiate behavioral responses from the
person experiencing them
●Delusions
○False beliefs; believe something so strongly in the
absence of evidence to support that belief or they
misinterpret evidence to support the belief
■Persecutory - believes they are being persecuted
against; spied on, hurt, FBI watching them…
■Grandiose - believe they have a special talent or
are extremely special in some way
■Reference - Some special message meant only for
them, hear stories in actual text often reporting
exactly what you just heard but that the message
means something important for them
■Control - despite medical science saying nothing
is wrong, they believe there is absolutely
something wrong
■Erotomanic - believe a celebrity is in love with
them despite having no evidence this is the case
■Thought insertion - believes that some outside
force is putting thoughts into their head
■Mind reading - someone reading you mind or you
can read someone else’s mind
■guilt/sin - you believe you have done something
terrible and believe you should be punished
despite any evidence and another normal person
knowing that’s it’s no big deal
●Psychosis Can be Pervasive
Document Summary
Plays a role in shaping the likelihood it will emerge. If you immigrate to the us you are more likely to develop depression than if you were born in. In china, taiwan, and japan symptoms of depression are more bodily than psychological. Plays a role in the form it will take. Loss of contact with reality; can"t distinguish what is and isn"t real. Sensory experience in the absence of sensory stimuli. We have all experienced some sort of hallucinations, like our name being called. To reach a psychotic point, it happens constantly and it is very distressing. This is something you need to seek treatment for. They get fixated on these things and believe they are actually happening. Vast majority report hallucinations are unpleasant, make them feel badly. Visual can span from shadows and thinking you see something to very realistic, vivid images, like body parts on the ground. Olfactory hallucinations often get a whiff of a smell.
